Search results for " passive"
showing 10 items of 90 documents
Remote sensing of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) in vegetation: 50 years of progress
2019
Remote sensing of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is a rapidly advancing front in terrestrial vegetation science, with emerging capability in space-based methodologies and diverse application prospects. Although remote sensing of SIF – especially from space – is seen as a contemporary new specialty for terrestrial plants, it is founded upon a multi-decadal history of research, applications, and sensor developments in active and passive sensing of chlorophyll fluorescence. Current technical capabilities allow SIF to be measured across a range of biological, spatial, and temporal scales. As an optical signal, SIF may be assessed remotely using high-resolution spectral sensors in …
High time resolution fluctuations in volcanic carbon dioxide degassing from Mount Etna
2014
Abstract We report here on the first record of carbon dioxide gas emission rates from a volcano, captured at ≈ 1 Hz. These data were acquired with a novel technique, based on the integration of UV camera observations (to measure SO2 emission rates) and field portable gas analyser readings of plume CO2/SO2 ratios. Our measurements were performedat the North East crater of Mount Etna, southern Italy, and the data reveal strong variability in CO2 emissions over timescales of tens to hundreds of seconds, spanning two orders of magnitude. This carries importantimplications for attempts to constrain global volcanic CO2 release to the atmosphere, and will lead to an increased insight into short te…
Importance of meteorological variables for aeroplankton dispersal in an urban environment
2016
Passive wind dispersal is one of the major mechanisms through which organisms disperse and colonize new areas. The detailed comprehension of which factors affect this process may help to preserve its efficiency for years to come. This is especially important in the current context of climate change, which may seriously alter weather regimes that drive dispersal, and is crucial in urban contexts, where biodiversity is dramatically threatened by pollution and fragmentation of natural patches. Despite its interest, the analysis of factors affecting aeroplankton dispersal in urban environments is rare in literature. We sampled aeroplankton community uninterruptedly every 4 hours from 17th May t…
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS ON TEENAGE PEDESTRIAN-BUS IMPACT
2019
This work studies the impact conditions between the adolescent pedestrian and the bus focusing on head and chest injury. The injury to the head is analyzed using both the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) 36 and the HIC15 parameters as established by the most advanced legislation and comparing the risk probability Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS3+) and AIS4+. The parameter HIC15 gives a higher probability of risk with lower values, and therefore it can be considered more conservative. Moreover, the study of chest injury is performed with two different biomechanical parameters: the Thoracic Trauma Index (TTI) and the TTI(d); the last neglects the pedestrian mass. The results indicate that the param…
The influence of high dose intravenous immunoglobulins on immunological and metabolic pattern in newly diagnosed type I diabetic patients
1990
In autoimmune disease the functional deficiency of T suppressor cells, also described in Type I diabetes, may be restored through immunoglobulin (Ig) infusion, which increases antigen phagocytosis, NK activity, cell clones and antibody anti-idiotype responses. Sixteen Type I diabetic patients were studied: eight were treated soon after the initial correction of disease-onset glycemic deterioration with intensive intravenous (i.v.) 7S Ig treatment (0.4 g/kg/BW) for 1 week and once per week for 6 months, whilst the remaining patients constituted the control group. All patients were evaluated during the study for metabolic and immunological parameters. A reduction in insulin requirement compar…
Characterization of Thin Passive Film-Electrolyte Junctions. The Amorphous Semiconductor (a-SC) Schottky Barrier Approach.
2017
A detailed study of the electronic properties of thin (< 20 nm) anodic TiO2 potentiostatically grown on titanium in two different solutions is presented. The results show that the nature of the anodizing solution affects the electronic properties of the anodic film and in particular the density of electronic state (DOS) distribution. Different DOS were derived from the experimental data analyzed according to the theory of amorphous semiconductor (a-SC) Schottky barrier. It is shown that the usual non-linear and frequency dependent Mott-Schottky plots are in agreement with expected theoretical behaviour of a-SC Schottky barrier. It is shown the importance of the DOS distribution in determini…
Analytical studies of the Sirocco room of Villa Naselli-Ambleri: A XVI century passive cooling structure in Palermo (Sicily)
2015
Abstract This work focuses on a passive cooling architecture particularly popular from the Renaissance in Palermo area, as building sumptuous suburban villas became a real hobby for the Sicilian aristocracy. A Sirocco room is an artificial subterranean construction, built close to a water spring in order to reproduce the pleasant conditions of freshness that could be experienced in a natural cavern. In these places, nobles used to spend their time with friends to escape from the hot summer. The room of Villa Naselli-Ambleri is nowadays the best preserved in Palermo thanks to its owners’ conservation care and it is unique for its cooling operating principle. The above-mentioned consideration…
Architectural technologies for life environment: passive cooling strategies in the architectures of the Mediterranean area.
2020
The Mediterranean area is a highly interesting place where various States, characterised by different people, histories, and cultures face. Reigns, religions, powers, state structures, people, nationalities, etc., everything seems to be extremely different and far. On the contrary, there are some cultural points that are much closer than they officially appear. Indeed, historically, the commercial trades between the various countries have always been highly intense and the Christian and Muslim reigns, even if in a continuous state of conflict, were reciprocally linked by deep (financial) interests. Therefore, that translated in a wide trade of goods that moved on the Mediterranean Sea acros…
Mechanisms of resistance to autoimmune disease induced by T-cell vaccination.
1991
Many human autoimmune diseases tend to progress slowly. Phases of rapid progression may come to a halt and may be followed by transient or even permanent remissions. Autoimmune diseases in animals either arise spontaneously or are induced. The former tend to be slowly progressive, the latter mostly acute to subacute, and usually followed by spontaneous remissions. The mechanisms at work that prevent rapid disease progression and can effect remissions are poorly understood, but they may provide us with a clue both to natural self-tolerance and to the therapeutic induction of self-tolerance.
Estimation of Vegetation Structure Parameters From SMAP Radar Intensity Observations
2021
In this article, we present a multipolarimetric estimation approach for two model-based vegetation structure parameters (shape A and orientation distribution ψ of the main canopy elements). The approach is based on a reduced observation set of three incoherent (no phase information) polarimetric backscatter intensities (|S HH | 2 , |S HV | 2 , and |S VV | 2 ) combined with a two-parameter (A P and ψ) discrete scatterer model of vegetation. The objective is to understand whether this confined set of observations contains enough information to estimate the two vegetation structure parameters from the L-band radar signals. In order to disentangle soil and vegetation scattering influences on th…